Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 15, cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ciam teb carbon (CBAM, tseem hu ua EU carbon tariff) tau pom zoo ua ntej los ntawm EU Council.Nws tau npaj yuav ua tiav txij Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2023, teem caij hloov pauv peb xyoos.Nyob rau tib hnub, ntawm lub rooj sib tham txog kev lag luam thiab nyiaj txiag ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas (Ecofin) ntawm European Council, cov thawj coj nyiaj txiag ntawm 27 EU lub teb chaws tau txais cov lus pom zoo carbon tariff ntawm Fabkis, lub rooj sib tham ntawm European Council.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias EU Cov Neeg Koom Tes txhawb nqa kev ua raws li txoj cai ntawm cov nqi se carbon.Raws li lub ntiaj teb thawj lub tswv yim los daws qhov kev hloov pauv huab cua hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ciam teb yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.Nws cia siab tias nyob rau lub Xya hli ntuj xyoo no, EU carbon tariff yuav nkag mus rau tripartite kev sib tham theem ntawm European Commission, European Council thiab European Parliament.Yog tias nws mus tau zoo, cov ntawv sau raug cai kawg yuav raug saws.
Lub tswv yim ntawm "carbon tariff" yeej tsis tau siv los ntawm qhov loj tiag tiag txij li nws tau muab tso rau hauv 1990s.Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias EU carbon tariff tuaj yeem yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntshuam tariff siv los yuav lub EU daim ntawv tso cai ntshuam los yog ib qho se ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas tau them rau cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov yuam sij rau kev vam meej ntawm EU lub ntsuab tshiab. deal.Raws li EU cov cai ntawm carbon tariff, nws yuav levy se rau steel, cement, aluminium thiab tshuaj chiv tuaj los ntawm lub teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam nrog kuj xoob carbon emission txwv.Lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog los ntawm 2023 mus rau 2025. Lub sijhawm hloov pauv, tsis tas yuav them tus nqi sib xws, tab sis cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum xa daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom ntim ntim, carbon emissions thiab indirect emissions, thiab cov pa roj carbon emission ntsig txog cov nqi them los ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm keeb kwm.Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm hloov pauv, cov neeg xa khoom yuav them cov nqi cuam tshuam rau cov pa roj carbon emissions ntawm cov khoom tuaj txawv teb chaws.Tam sim no, EU tau xav kom cov tuam txhab ntsuas, suav thiab tshaj tawm cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm lawv tus kheej.Yuav ua li cas cuam tshuam qhov kev siv ntawm EU carbon tariff muaj?Dab tsi yog cov teeb meem ntsib kev siv EU carbon tariffs?Daim ntawv no yuav qhia luv luv txog qhov no.
Peb yuav ua kom ceev cov kev txhim kho ntawm kev lag luam carbon
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias nyob rau hauv cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov nqi se sib txawv, kev sau ntawm EU carbon tariffs yuav txo Tuam Tshoj tag nrho kev lag luam nrog Europe los ntawm 10% ~ 20%.Raws li kev kwv yees ntawm European Commission, carbon tariffs yuav coj 4 billion euros mus rau 15 billion euros ntawm "cov nyiaj tau los ntxiv" rau EU txhua xyoo, thiab yuav qhia ib tug zuj zus xyoo los ntawm lub xyoo nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm.EU yuav tsom mus rau tariffs ntawm txhuas, tshuaj chiv, hlau thiab hluav taws xob.Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias EU yuav "txiav" cov pa roj carbon tariffs rau lwm lub tebchaws los ntawm cov chaw haujlwm, kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam.
Xyoo 2021, Tuam Tshoj cov hlau xa tawm mus rau 27 EU lub teb chaws thiab UK tau tag nrho 3.184 lab tons, ib xyoos ib zaug nce ntawm 52.4%.Raws li tus nqi ntawm 50 euros / tuj hauv kev ua lag luam carbon hauv xyoo 2021, EU yuav txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm 159.2 lab euros ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hlau.Qhov no yuav txo tus nqi kom zoo dua ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom siv hlau xa tawm mus rau EU.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tseem yuav txhawb nqa Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam steel kom nrawm nrawm ntawm decarbonization thiab nrawm rau kev txhim kho cov pa roj carbon kev lag luam.Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub hom phiaj xav tau ntawm cov xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb thiab qhov kev thov tiag tiag ntawm Suav cov lag luam kom nquag teb rau EU carbon ciam teb txoj cai mechanism, kev tsim kho siab ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov pa roj carbon kev lag luam tseem nce ntxiv.Nws yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab kom tau raws sij hawm txhawb kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau thiab lwm yam kev lag luam kom suav nrog hauv cov pa roj carbon emission trading system.Los ntawm kev ua kom nrawm ntawm kev tsim kho thiab txhim kho cov pa roj carbon monoxide, txo cov nqi se uas cov tuam txhab Suav yuav tsum tau them rau kev xa khoom mus rau EU ua lag luam kuj tseem tuaj yeem zam kev them se ob npaug.
Txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm ntsuab zog xav tau
Raws li lub tswv yim tshiab tau txais kev pom zoo, EU carbon tariff tsuas paub txog cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas yuav txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub zog ntsuab lub zog xav tau.Tam sim no, nws tsis paub tias EU lees paub Tuam Tshoj lub teb chaws lees paub emission txo qis (CCER).Yog tias EU cov lag luam carbon tsis lees paub CCER, thawj zaug, nws yuav ua rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam xa tawm los ntawm kev yuav CCER kom them nyiaj rau quotas, qhov thib ob, nws yuav ua rau cov pa roj carbon quotas tsis txaus thiab nce nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide, thiab thib peb, export-oriented. cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav mob siab nrhiav cov qauv qis qis qis uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov quota.Raws li kev txhim kho lub zog tauj dua tshiab thiab kev noj haus raws li Tuam Tshoj txoj kev "ob chav carbon", kev siv hluav taws xob ntsuab tau ua pov thawj tias yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov lag luam los cuam tshuam nrog EU carbon tariffs.Nrog rau kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, qhov no yuav tsis tsuas yog pab txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, tab sis kuj txhawb cov tuam txhab lag luam los nqis peev hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab.
Ua kom ceev cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom siv qis thiab xoom carbon
Tam sim no, ArcelorMittal, ib lub tuam txhab European steel, tau tshaj tawm xoom carbon steel ntawv pov thawj los ntawm xcarbtm txoj kev npaj, ThyssenKrupp tau launched blueminttm, ib tug low-carbon emission steel hom, Nucor steel, ib tug American steel enterprise, tau npaj zero carbon steel econiqtm, thiab Schnitzer steel kuj tau thov GRN steeltm, ib lub bar thiab cov khoom siv hlau.Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm accelerating lub realization ntawm carbon neutralization nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, Tuam Tshoj tus hlau thiab steel tuam txhab Baowu, Hegang, Anshan Hlau thiab hlau, Jianlong, thiab lwm yam tau successively tawm carbon neutralization roadmap, ceev pace nrog lub ntiaj teb no cov kev lag luam siab heev hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev daws teeb meem thev naus laus zis, thiab sib zog ua kom dhau mus.
Qhov kev siv tiag tiag tseem ntsib ntau yam teeb meem
Tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem rau kev siv tiag tiag ntawm EU carbon tariff, thiab cov pa roj carbon quota dawb yuav dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb rau kev cai lij choj ntawm carbon tariff.Thaum kawg ntawm 2019, ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov lag luam hauv EU carbon trading system tseem txaus siab rau cov pa roj carbon quotas dawb.Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam kev sib tw thiab tsis sib haum nrog EU txoj kev npaj kom ua tiav cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab los ntawm 2050.
Tsis tas li ntawd, EU cia siab tias los ntawm kev tso cov pa roj carbon tariffs nrog cov nqi ntawm cov pa roj carbon zoo sib xws rau cov khoom lag luam zoo sib xws, nws yuav siv zog ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai cuam tshuam ntawm lub koom haum kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tshooj 1 (feem ntau nyiam kev kho mob hauv tebchaws) thiab Tshooj 3 ( tsis yog kev ntxub ntxaug ntawm cov khoom zoo sib xws) ntawm daim ntawv cog lus dav dav ntawm tariffs thiab kev lag luam (GATT).
Kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau yog kev lag luam nrog cov pa roj carbon ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb kev lag luam kev lag luam.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau muaj kev lag luam ntev thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam dav.Kev siv cov pa roj carbon tariff txoj cai hauv kev lag luam no ntsib teeb meem loj.EU lub tswv yim ntawm "kev loj hlob ntsuab thiab kev hloov pauv digital" yog qhov tseem ceeb los txhim kho kev sib tw ntawm kev lag luam ib txwm muaj xws li kev lag luam steel.Nyob rau hauv 2021, cov khoom siv raw khoom ntawm EU yog 152.5 lab tons, thiab tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe yog 203.7 lab tons, nrog rau ib lub xyoo nce ntawm 13.7%, accounting rau 10.4% ntawm tag nrho cov thoob ntiaj teb crude steel tso zis.Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias EU txoj cai ntawm cov pa roj carbon tariff tseem tab tom sim tsim kom muaj kev lag luam tshiab, tsim cov cai tshiab kev lag luam nyob ib puag ncig ntawm kev hais txog kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam, thiab siv zog los koom nrog hauv lub koom haum kev lag luam hauv ntiaj teb los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau EU. .
Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, carbon tariff yog ib tug tshiab kev lag luam barrier, uas lub hom phiaj los tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees ntawm EU thiab txawm lub European steel lag luam.Tseem muaj lub sijhawm hloov pauv peb xyoos ua ntej EU carbon tariff tau siv tiag tiag.Tseem muaj sij hawm rau cov teb chaws thiab cov lag luam los tsim kev tawm tsam.Kev khi quab yuam ntawm cov kev cai thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov pa roj carbon emissions tsuas yog nce lossis tsis txo.Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau yuav nquag koom nrog thiab maj mam paub txog txoj cai hais lus yog txoj kev npaj mus ntev.Rau cov tuam txhab hlau thiab hlau, lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws yog tseem coj txoj kev loj hlob ntsuab thiab cov pa roj carbon tsawg, nrog rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev loj hlob thiab kev txo qis, ua kom lub zog hloov pauv ntawm qub thiab tshiab kinetic zog, ua kom muaj zog tshiab, ua kom nrawm dua. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntsuab technology thiab txhim kho cov kev sib tw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam.