Tsis ntev los no, ib tug neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Metallurgical Xov Xwm tau kawm los ntawm Vale tias tom qab 7 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev nqis peev ntawm 50 lab reais (kwv yees li US $ 878,900), lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav cov txheej txheem tsim cov ore zoo uas tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov.Vale tau siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom no rau lub tuam txhab cov chaw ua haujlwm hlau ore hauv Minas Gerais, Brazil, thiab hloov cov tailings processing uas thawj zaug yuav tsum tau siv cov dams los yog stacking txoj kev rau cov khoom zoo ore.Cov khoom siv ore uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam.
Nws tau nkag siab tias txog tam sim no, Vale tau ua tiav thiab tsim tawm txog 250,000 tons ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo li ntxhia xuab zeb, uas muaj cov ntsiab lus silicon siab, cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hlau, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws thiab cov khoom me me.Vale npaj yuav muag lossis pub cov khoom lag luam los tsim cov pob zeb, mortar, cement lossis pav kev.
Marcello Spinelli, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Vale's Iron Ore Lag Luam, tau hais tias: "Muaj kev xav tau loj heev rau cov xuab zeb hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam.Peb cov khoom siv ore muab kev xaiv txhim khu kev qha rau kev tsim kho kev lag luam, thaum txo kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm tailings kho.Qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ua rau. "
Raws li United Nations cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, lub ntiaj teb kev thov txhua xyoo rau cov xuab zeb yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 40 billion tons thiab 50 billion tons.Xuab zeb tau dhau los ua cov peev txheej ntuj nrog ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tsim tawm tom qab dej.Cov ntxhia xuab zeb no ntawm Vale yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau ore.Raw ore tuaj yeem dhau los ua hlau ore tom qab ob peb txheej txheem xws li crushing, tshuaj ntsuam, sib tsoo thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv lub Hoobkas.Hauv cov txheej txheem kev pab cuam ib txwm muaj, cov khoom lag luam yuav dhau los ua tailings, uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg los ntawm cov dams lossis hauv pawg.Lub tuam txhab reprocesses cov by-products ntawm hlau ore nyob rau hauv lub beneficiation theem kom txog rau thaum nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau zoo thiab ua ib tug zoo-zoo ntxhia xuab zeb khoom.Vale tau hais tias siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov tailings rau hauv cov khoom zoo, txhua tuj ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm tuaj yeem txo 1 tuj tailings.Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Sustainable Minerals ntawm University of Queensland hauv Australia thiab University of Geneva hauv Switzerland tam sim no tab tom ua txoj kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej los tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm Vale cov khoom siv xuab zeb kom nkag siab tias lawv tuaj yeem dhau los ua lwm txoj hauv kev. rau xuab zeb.Thiab txo qis cov khoom pov tseg uas tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsuas.
Jefferson Corraide, Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Vale's Brucutu thiab Agualimpa thaj chaw ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke, hais tias: "Cov khoom lag luam ore no yog cov khoom ntsuab tiag tiag.Tag nrho cov khoom ore yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub cev.Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw tsis tau hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm ua, thiab cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj mob. "
Vale tau hais tias nws npaj yuav muag lossis pub nyiaj ntau dua 1 lab tons ntawm cov khoom lag luam ore los ntawm 2022, thiab nce cov khoom lag luam ore mus txog 2 lab tons los ntawm 2023. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom no xav tias yuav los ntawm plaub cheeb tsam. Hauv Brazil, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo thiab Brasilia.
"Peb tau npaj los nthuav dav daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam xuab zeb los ntawm 2023, thiab rau qhov no peb tau teeb tsa ib pab neeg ua haujlwm rau kev lag luam tshiab no."hais tias Rogério Nogueira, tus thawj coj ntawm Vale lub lag luam hlau hlau.
"Tam sim no, lwm qhov chaw mining hauv Minas Gerais tseem tab tom npaj ntau qhov kev npaj rau kev siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom no.Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tab tom koom tes nrog ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab tau cog lus rau kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov hlau.Ore tailings muab cov tswv yim tshiab. "André Vilhena, tus thawj coj ua lag luam ntawm Vale tau hais.Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm hauv thaj chaw hlau ore mining, Vale kuj tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev thauj mus los loj rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab yooj yim thauj cov khoom lag luam ntxhia xuab zeb mus rau ntau lub xeev hauv Brazil."Peb lub hom phiaj yog los xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm kev lag luam hlau hlau, thiab peb cia siab tias yuav txo qis ib puag ncig kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab kev lag luam los ntawm kev lag luam tshiab no."Villiena ntxiv.
Vale tau tshawb fawb txog tailings kho daim ntawv thov txij li thaum 2014. Nyob rau hauv 2020, lub tuam txhab tau qhib thawj pilot nroj tsuag uas siv tailings raws li lub ntsiab raw khoom los tsim cov khoom siv - lub Pico cib Hoobkas.Cov nroj tsuag nyob hauv thaj chaw Pico mining hauv Itabilito, Minas Gerais.Tam sim no, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Center ntawm Minas Gerais tab tom koom tes nrog kev koom tes nrog Pico Brick Factory.Lub chaw xa ntau tshaj 10 tus kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov xibfwb, cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav, cov kawm tiav thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm txuj ci, mus rau Pico Brick Factory los tshawb fawb ntawm tus kheej.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ecological, Vale kuj tau siv ntau yam kev ntsuas los txo cov tailings, ua rau kev ua haujlwm mining kom ruaj khov.Lub tuam txhab tau cog lus los tsim cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws uas tsis xav tau dej.Tam sim no, kwv yees li 70% ntawm Vale cov khoom siv hlau yog tsim los ntawm kev siv tshuab qhuav.Lub tuam txhab tau hais tias kev siv thev naus laus zis ua kom qhuav yog ze ze rau qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau ore.Cov hlau ore hauv Carajás mining cheeb tsam muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau siab (tshaj 65%), thiab kev ua haujlwm tsuas yog yuav tsum tau crushed thiab sieved raws li particle loj.
Lub chaw muag khoom ntawm Vale tau tsim cov tshuab sib nqus sib nqus qhuav rau cov ore zoo, uas tau siv rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tsav hauv Minas Gerais.Vale siv cov thev naus laus zis no rau cov txheej txheem txiaj ntsig ntawm qib qis hlau ore.Thawj cov nroj tsuag kev lag luam yuav raug muab tso rau hauv Davarren qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 2023. Vale tau hais tias cov nroj tsuag yuav muaj peev xwm tsim tau txhua xyoo ntawm 1.5 lab tons, thiab tag nrho cov peev nyiaj yuav tsum yog US $ 150 lab.Tsis tas li ntawd, Vale tau qhib ib lub tailings pom cog nyob rau hauv Great Varjin mining cheeb tsam, thiab npaj yuav qhib peb tailings pom cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm 2022, uas ib tug nyob rau hauv lub Brucutu mining cheeb tsam thiab ob nyob rau hauv Iraq.Tagbila mining cheeb tsam.