Tsis ntev los no, ib tug neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj Metallurgical Xov Xwm tau kawm los ntawm Vale tias tom qab 7 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev nqis peev ntawm kwv yees li 50 lab reais (kwv yees li US $ 878,900), lub tuam txhab tau ua tiav tsim cov txheej txheem tsim cov hlau zoo uas zoo rau kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov. Vale tau siv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom no rau lub tuam txhab thaj chaw ua haujlwm hlau hauv Minas Gerais, Brazil, thiab hloov cov txheej txheem tailings uas thawj zaug xav tau kev siv cov pas dej lossis cov txheej txheem stacking rau hauv cov khoom lag luam zoo. Cov khoom lag luam tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam kev tsim kho.
Nws nkag siab tias txog rau tam sim no, Vale tau ua thiab tsim txog li 250,000 tons ntawm cov khoom siv xuab zeb zoo li no, uas muaj cov silicon ntau, cov hlau tsawg heev, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xws thiab cov khoom me me sib xws. Vale npaj yuav muag lossis pub cov khoom no los tsim cov pob zeb ua vaj tse, mortar, cement lossis los ua kev paving txoj kev.
Marcello Spinelli, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Vale's Iron Ore Business, tau hais tias: "Muaj kev xav tau ntau heev rau xuab zeb hauv kev lag luam tsim kho. Peb cov khoom siv ore muab kev xaiv zoo rau kev lag luam tsim kho, thaum txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ntawm kev kho cov tailings. Qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ua rau."
Raws li United Nations cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, qhov kev thov xuab zeb thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo yog ntawm 40 billion tons thiab 50 billion tons. Xuab zeb tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv ntuj tsim nrog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws los ntawm tib neeg tom qab dej. Cov khoom xuab zeb no ntawm Vale yog los ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm cov hlau ore. Cov hlau nyoos tuaj yeem dhau los ua hlau ore tom qab ntau cov txheej txheem xws li kev tsoo, kev tshuaj ntsuam, kev sib tsoo thiab kev ua kom zoo hauv lub Hoobkas. Hauv cov txheej txheem kev ua kom zoo ib txwm muaj, cov khoom seem yuav dhau los ua cov tailings, uas yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg los ntawm cov pas dej lossis hauv cov pawg. Lub tuam txhab rov ua cov khoom seem ntawm cov hlau ore hauv theem kev ua kom zoo kom txog thaum nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab dhau los ua cov khoom xuab zeb zoo. Vale tau hais tias siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov cov tailings mus rau hauv cov hlau zoo, txhua tuj ntawm cov khoom ore tsim tawm tuaj yeem txo 1 tuj ntawm tailings. Muaj kev tshaj tawm tias cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Uas Muaj Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm University of Queensland hauv tebchaws Australia thiab University of Geneva hauv tebchaws Switzerland tam sim no tab tom ua ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ywj pheej los tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm Vale cov khoom siv xuab zeb kom nkag siab tias lawv puas tuaj yeem ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau xuab zeb. Thiab txo cov khib nyiab uas tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm khawb av.
Jefferson Corraide, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Vale's Brucutu thiab Agualimpa kev ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke, tau hais tias: "Cov khoom siv ore no yog cov khoom ntsuab tiag tiag. Txhua yam khoom siv ore raug ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem lub cev. Cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv raw tsis tau hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav, thiab cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij."
Vale tau hais tias nws npaj yuav muag lossis pub ntau dua 1 lab tons ntawm cov khoom siv ore no los ntawm xyoo 2022, thiab nce cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv ore mus rau 2 lab tons los ntawm xyoo 2023. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov neeg yuav khoom no yuav los ntawm plaub thaj tsam hauv Brazil, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo thiab Brasilia.
"Peb npaj txhij los nthuav dav kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv xuab zeb txij li xyoo 2023, thiab rau qhov no peb tau teeb tsa ib pab neeg mob siab rau los khiav lag luam tshiab no," Rogério Nogueira, tus thawj coj ntawm Vale lub khw muag hlau ore hais.
"Tam sim no, lwm thaj chaw khawb av hauv Minas Gerais kuj tab tom npaj ntau yam kev npaj rau kev txais yuav cov txheej txheem tsim khoom no. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tab tom koom tes nrog ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb los tsim cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab thiab cog lus rau kev kho hlau kom zoo. Cov pob zeb ore muab cov tswv yim tshiab," André Vilhena, tus thawj coj ua lag luam ntawm Vale hais. Ntxiv nrog rau kev siv cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm hauv thaj chaw khawb av hlau, Vale kuj tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev thauj mus los loj heev kom thauj cov khoom siv xuab zeb mus rau ntau lub xeev hauv Brazil tau zoo thiab yooj yim. "Peb lub hom phiaj yog xyuas kom meej tias kev lag luam hlau ore muaj kev ruaj khov, thiab peb vam tias yuav txo qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm lub tuam txhab cov haujlwm los ntawm kev lag luam tshiab no." Villiena ntxiv.
Txij li xyoo 2014 los, Vale tau ua kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv cov tailings los kho cov av. Xyoo 2020, lub tuam txhab tau qhib thawj lub Hoobkas sim uas siv cov tailings ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb los tsim cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim kho - lub Hoobkas Pico cib. Lub Hoobkas nyob hauv thaj chaw khawb av Pico hauv Itabilito, Minas Gerais. Tam sim no, Lub Chaw Kawm Txuj Ci Kev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Minas Gerais tab tom tsim kev koom tes nrog Pico Brick Factory. Lub chaw tau xa ntau dua 10 tus kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog cov xibfwb, cov tub ntxhais kawm tiav qib siab, cov tub ntxhais kawm qib siab thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm txuj ci, mus rau Pico Brick Factory los ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus kheej.
Ntxiv rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho cov khoom lag luam ecological, Vale kuj tau siv ntau yam kev ntsuas los txo cov tailings, ua rau cov haujlwm mining ruaj khov dua. Lub tuam txhab tau cog lus los tsim cov txheej txheem ua kom qhuav uas tsis xav tau dej. Tam sim no, kwv yees li 70% ntawm Vale cov khoom hlau ore yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua kom qhuav. Lub tuam txhab tau hais tias kev siv cov txheej txheem ua kom qhuav muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau ore. Cov hlau ore hauv thaj chaw Carajás mining muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau siab (ntau dua 65%), thiab kev ua tsuas yog yuav tsum tau crushed thiab sieved raws li qhov loj me ntawm cov khoom me me.
Lub tuam txhab Vale tau tsim cov thev naus laus zis sib cais sib nqus qhuav rau cov hlau zoo, uas tau siv rau hauv lub Hoobkas sim hauv Minas Gerais. Vale siv cov thev naus laus zis no rau cov txheej txheem ua kom cov hlau tsis zoo. Lub Hoobkas lag luam thawj zaug yuav raug siv rau hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm Davarren hauv xyoo 2023. Vale tau hais tias lub Hoobkas yuav muaj peev xwm tsim khoom txhua xyoo ntawm 1.5 lab tons, thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej yuav yog US $ 150 lab. Tsis tas li ntawd, Vale tau qhib ib lub Hoobkas lim dej tailings hauv thaj chaw khawb av Great Varjin, thiab npaj yuav qhib peb lub Hoobkas lim dej tailings ntxiv hauv peb lub hlis thawj zaug ntawm xyoo 2022, uas ib qho nyob hauv thaj chaw khawb av Brucutu thiab ob qhov nyob hauv Iraq. Thaj chaw khawb av Tagbila.